The Romans

The Romans are recognized to be one of the most powerful civilizations known. It is located in the point of the Tiber River, which is easy to cross from North to South. One of the ways they managed to become successful was through trade, since they are close to the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, they had protection from invasion from living next to the Appennine Mountains. This gave them time to grow. Ways they had grow was developing a unique 
governmental structure and a strong military. They additionally managed to protect their society by creating a 
sewage system that would prevent wast in entering.  They had slaves work in the lead mines and later on they
had the government provide free grain to feed the people. But in order to do this they had to chop down 
thousands of trees and establish farms. But by ripping the trees it did bad to the community since trees prevent
erosion from the river, but now it started entering their society and with the rainfall, there was much more 
chances in having floods. Due to this, they needed trees and expanded to Northern Africa. This was 
where the most deforestation had occurred. Later this meant that meant there would be a lack of crops.
Then things had become worse for the Romans due to the fact that the deforestation brought Malaria. Due
to this it had led to the 10 percent loss of the population. Due to this it led to the decline of the Roman
Empire until it died out. The Roman Empire should be memorable for all the achievements they had until 
their killing of nature their demise.

Bantu Language and Migration

In this article it explains how languages managed to spread throughout the world, and specifically the Bantu had a major affect on how far they spreaded their culture. The Bantu language is known as to be related as the Germanic languages. Although people didn't have a clear understanding, they have knowledge that language would spread by large numbers of the people migrating, in which will impose it upon minority societies. The migration had begun in Nigeria, first coming to Cameroon, and later heading eastward, near the lower Congo. The certain date that the Bantu had spread was the 8th century, where in Zanzibar and the opposite coast, a Bantu language was spoken. The words had immediately been recorded by Arab travelers of the century. Example words that were derived from Bantu was "canoe, fishhook, goat, leader, and witch." It is interpreted that they were fishermen, cultivating African yams and palm trees. We can assume that this society and culture had been very advanced for the many discoveries and achievements they had. They had a governmental structure, like Mesopotamia but it derived from kinship and the leaders had been elders, showing everyone in the evil of witches and believing in spirits. They managed to get knowledge of the forest they lived around and were overcoming their enemies. Historians had interpreted that the way they managed to imply their language was through the same way Europeans managed to do to the Indians in the Americas. Due to the diseases they brought, it brought decline to the Indian population and they managed to settle and create  their culture. With the Bantu, something similar had occurred. Since Bantu had compact villages with non- Bantu speakers, they had intermarriage and it would also spread the language. This was the importance and how Bantu would spread through most of Africa.

Ancient Mesopotamia and Mohenjo-Daro

The beginning civilizations that started out our world, had a main influence on how we would end up on being and the customs they had created. One of the prestigious civilizations that had lasted the longest had been Mesopotamia. Located in modern day Iraq, they were one of the first civilizations in setting up a successful governmental structure, known as the Hammurabi Code, setting laws in their society. Basically, they were built up under smaller societies and worked together in order to conquer and posses most of the land. They were intelligent and as they lived between two rivers, in which they built a great irrigation system and no longer relied on hunting, but farming. Most of the things that make this civilization memorable is how they invented a way of writing. The Sumerians of Mesopotamia  wrote using clay tablets, mostly recognized as pictures or pictogram's. It was also possible for some of the very first books to be created. Additionally, it explains how for inventions, it was said that they were the first to invent it, and how to measure time, and the perfect way to make crops. This helped much of the civilization survive. Next, they were soon solving and learning math, and not only that, but they were sophisticated in their art and the structure the made the temples and homes. Without a doubt, this shows how few civilizations were able to reach the capacity of the Mesopotamians, but by far it was one of the advanced in the beginning of society. However, Mesopotamia wasn't the only society that had begun, we become aware of the Mohenjo-Daro, or otherwise known as Indus Valley. Unlike Mesopotamia, it was not as advanced and lasted for only a shorter amount of time. Additionally, it was only made for 1 society, with only one culture, where as Mesopotamia had a variety. The Indus Valley was located in modern day Pakistan and also lived between 2 rivers, although they had no irrigation system. There are not enough records to explain what Indus valley meant, since their civilization died fast. But what many people wonder, is that why would Mesopotamia last longer than Indus Valley? My answer is that Mesopotamia having various cultures and much more land and accomplishments was what led it to be known for also having a stronger economy. Additionally, the environment or nature of where they had been located was how they managed to adapt, explaining How Mesopotamia managed to accomplish and last longer.

Haiti Earthquake 5 Annotated Bibliographies

1. Kanya, D'Almeida. "POLITICS: CRACKING THE DONOR DISCOURSE ON HAITI." Log in - ProQuest - ProQuest. http://search.proquest.com/docview/847386926/fulltext/132B08FDEE430BFF072/9?accountid=3360 (accessed October 28, 2011).  

• "The significance of this article is explaining how devastating the politics had been in Haiti. After the disastrous earthquake, they were trying to prevent the civilians in forming their own governmental structure, since during those days there had been much sexual violence, food shortages and instability. Because of this, it gave reason for other countries reason in not helping them rebuild their community."

1. Mcclatchy, Charles, and Jacqueline Mcclatchy. "Politics of international aid in sharper focus following Haiti earthquake." Log in - ProQuest - ProQuest. http://search.proquest.com/docview/456410514/132B08FDEE430BFF072/10?accountid=3360 (accessed October 28, 2011).

• This article explains how as much as Haiti's earthquake is damaged, Many countries decided to help and as much as 2 billion dollars and slowly they began to rebuild their broken community.

1. McClatchy. "BRIEF: Haiti: The politics of rebuilding." Log in - ProQuest - ProQuest. http://search.proquest.com/docview/458679889/132B08FDEE430BFF072/15?accountid=3360 (accessed October 28, 2011).

• The focus of this article is that due to the losses of lives, and the political structure was damaged, many tent cities were temporarily made in order to survive the worst of this earthquake. Additionally, it explains how thousands of camps were formed for all of the unfortunate in order to share all the food they found and were given. With this, it helped in keeping the haitians surviving.

1. Sachs, Jeffrey. "Haiti Needs Far More Than Emergency Relief." Log in - ProQuest - ProQuest. http://search.proquest.com/docview/378718215/132B08FDEE430BFF072/18?accountid=3360 (accessed October 28, 2011).

• The importance of this article is how it explains and is persistent in saying how Haiti needs much more aid than it's receiving. Even before the earthquake, it explains that it was already in crisis and was needed to be resolved since the political structure was bad as it is. Now with the earthquake, things are much worse and it actions and precautions aren't taken the survival and safety of this country will die.

1. weiss, Jim . "Recovery in Haiti slowed by politics, geography, debris." Log in - ProQuest - ProQuest. http://search.proquest.com/docview/822873696/132B08FDEE430BFF072/23?accountid=3360 (accessed October 28, 2011).

• The information given here is that the factors that aren't bringing any solutions are politics and geography. After the earthquake, Haiti left a mess and with all the thousands of dead bodies. Additionally, with no governmental structure theres no way to establish order in order to take steps needed in working together and rebuilding a broken country

The Maya

When we speak of the Hierarchy of needs, we focus on distinct civilizations in the world. One of the most prestigious cultures which can be remembered until today, is the Maya. Located in Mexico, this society was known to be one of the most intelligent based on their methods and achievements which enabled more advancement in society later on. They managed to establish their way of writing, which is known as hieroglyphics. Additionally, they managed to create a sustainable agricultural system and located with an easy access to water. However, as the trees began to die, nutrients would leave and would soon affect the quality of the food. Within this more problems occurred since many of the people would fight over the land.  Even though these problems arose, this life changing society defined the Hierarchy of need by creating a governmental structure. Their religious system was also known for how they built pyramids and would worship their gods. However, later on in time the europeans came and this would soon affect all the civilizations in all of the Americas. The affect would be bad due to the fact that all these thieves sought was power and gold, and would kill all of these tribes for it. They would trick them and in the end were better than the natives since they possessed even more technology such as cannons. After this they would show inequity by taking some captives and using them as slaves, which was what most of the explorers also did when they traveled to Africa. In the end because of these murderers it would kill most of the societies, killing their rich culture and change they made to the world. Soon, most people living there forget and often become foolish when they state who they are. I believe who they are would represent these prestigious societies that existed, representing the people that thrived and were actually better people than what there is now.

Neolithic Revolution

This section would represent the most important resource we need in our lives. It's called the Hierarchy of needs. This had been developed by a psychologist and emphasizes what we need in order to survive. A question which had been asked in class is "What is the connection between the civilization project and this pyramid known as Hierarchy of needs?" The answer to this question is that both are able to represent the need of amount of resources both mentally and psychically in order to survive. Most of these resources ensure balance between the lives of humans and the capability they have in achieving what they have achieved. Both would mostly be provided with shelter, food, water, and sleep, which gives opportunities for additional development of a single human being. The pyramid itself consists of 5 parts, where it begins with..

• Physiological
• Safety
• Love/belonging
• Esteem
• Self-actualization

This explains how many beginning civilizations had prospered since they had lived between 2 rivers and used the advantage of agriculture and technology like irrigation in order to advance little by little. Through this hierarchy of needs it'll show the balance of humans over time. This can be explained as if environment is good, humans prosper but if it's bad, then the civilization declines. Mostly, they would additionally depend on animals for food, and they would also decline when the animal would carry a disease and it'll spread to humans.  So for these societies, it would depend on the environment and the psychology of the pyramid which enables us to be who we are.

What is a civilization?

In this article, it informs of how many historians and people would classify what a civilization would be. Currently, it wouldn't be considered as a civil civilization due to all the negative affects human beings had been capable of over time as they had advanced from civilizations such as Egypt and Mesopotamia. Many of these affects had been slavery, oppression, subordination of women, and much more inequity. Many of the questions civilians can ask is "what makes society to feel racism, to feel on top of people, with a belief that their race is superior?" Many people will have the belief that everyone should be considered equal no matter what. Many people would prefer to live in the times of the Egyptian or Mesopotamian civilizations where almost none of these barbaric ways had been created. Civilizations with this is uncivilized and implies how evil the world can be if open your eyes. It takes away the good the human race has done in order to move forward in society like with technology, way of life, and how they've taken nature to their advantage. Additionally, it shows how a civilization can also be classified by the diverse identities. Since some civilizations aren't with diverse races, a foolish act on some societies, but they are classified by the class. So much of the upper class considered themselves an inclusive civilization. However, it wasn't considered any society within the borders of the beginning civilizations.  Dividing these societies by class would often create a problem for lower class people. Civilization would represent  a society civilized and able to function together. Not with violence, racism, and inequity which only makes our world not worth to exist.

Haiti Earthquake Annotated Bibliography

Kanya, D'Almeida. "POLITICS: CRACKING THE DONOR DISCOURSE ON HAITI." Log in - ProQuest - ProQuest. http://search.proquest.com/docview/847386926/1328C95459A33468F4E/9?accountid=3360 (accessed October 21, 2011).


The important fact about this article is that it explains how devastating the politics had been in Haiti after the earthquake. There had been people saying how it lead to sexual violence, food shortages, and instability. It also explained how many of the countries dissented in supporting them after what they had brought. They were doing efforts in rebuilding and having a better governmental structure. 

Discrimination

What I ask for this topic is "What cause people to show negative behavior and hate in this world?" This has been going on for so much time and until today, nothing is being done to change this unjust act of inequity. People can be discriminated for several reasons, whether it's color, race, or religion. The people I feel that i should represent and let the people know what they suffer is the indigenous people in South America. To begin with, not only are they shown discrimination, but they live in poverty and in often times they aren't given the equal opportunities in getting to work or education. This is often shown by the higher class people, who don't care of anyone but themselves, knowing that many of the indigenous people are described as better people than them. Most of the indigenous get beaten in addition to their mistreatment, with poor shelter. Most tribes are away from cities and often live in the mountains. It's most disappointing that no one is able to take a stand and fight for these. A more notable person who fought for their cause and to end most of the evil and greediness the world faces is Ernesto "Che" Guevara. He was actually murdered by the people disagreeing with him or refereed as the people from the USA. There are often people who disagreed with his death, since it was that world needed people like him who fought for a noble cause, just like Martin Luther King Jr., which also sought to find peace and end the discrimination many African Americans. Citizens around the world should take note in what is right and known what these people stand for, they are just as equal as we are, maybe even better on the inside since it's not money, greed, or power they search. Much of the indigenous people represent a rich culture that people don't take not, and in reality, they are a part of it, since it's their origin.

Humanity and the Environment

Regarding time and the environment, a question asked by the entire society is "In what ways have humans used the environment to promote human flourishing?" In this case humans have taken advantage of the environment and have created much technology. For example, after the hunter gatherer societies, much of humanity turned to agriculture as their main source of food. Additionally, they used their water source to create irrigation systems. With some of the societies, such as the maya and egyptians, they were advanced in their architecture that they managed to build many pyramids. Also, they improved the ways they would capture animals, most likely in the forests. It helped them survive since they managed to capture and preserve food and had close to unlimited amount of resources like food and water. They managed to find a habitat they were able to adapt to and make sustainable. However, this doesn't mean that they were able to cooperate with the environment all the times. One question in response to this can be" How has humanity suffered consequences for abusing the environment?" The outcome had been in many known ways. One of the ways is that often many habitats can be flooded and take out many lives and resources included. One example of this can be known as hurricane Katrina. Additionally, the situation may also end up like the Haiti earthquake. Much of what the consequences Nature offers is often because the area isn't in balance so the environment is here to restore it, although all the times it may be affecting the earth. The environment may also capture diseases that may spread through humans or through animals and brings up later on a lack of resources and bad habitats to survive. Lastly, what humans depended on the most from the environment was communication over seas. Around this time, people had begun trading around the world and started to interact internationally, which lead to much more discoveries. But what merchants needed was a safe cooperation of the water or else with an unsafe condition no trade or interactions would've been safe enough to make and advancements might've been more trouble in establishing them.

Creating a successful society

Many people now ask the question, "Where or what  is significant for the best kind of civilization for a group of people?" In this case we focus on civilizations based on the group of people living with bountiful resources. There are many answers to that question, but for the civilization I would decide beneficial in success, then the habitat would be located in South America. For a fact any human being would desire food and water, so the location of the this community would live close to a lake or river for an easy access to a water supply and a chance to fish animals. What these people would take advantage of would be building an irrigation system. Additionally, since they would be living on area where the Amazon forest is located, then they would be more protected from the immense amount of rain fall to come and flood their habitat by having all of their homes upward towards the trees designed like huts and to be connected together by bridges. Since they would be living through the amazon, they would have another supply in being able to hunt their animals. Next it would help if these group of human beings would have a vast field filled with the crops and farming the people take initiative to do. In order to ensure no invasions, it would be beneficial if the farming was next to a hill. Additionally, so no erosion took place, to place stones along the borders of the body of water which prevents it from entering and affecting our agriculture. What would help them in a chance for survival would be the temperature they would have to adapt to. It's suggested that its 90 degrees, even though there is hot weather, there is also much rainfall, inwhich both along with sunlight are able to provide fast growth for the resources in the field. In order for a civilization to be successful, it requires the cooperation of human beings and the environment in order to preserve existence and resources that ensure advancement throughout society. There may be often times where the environment may affect against you, but you must learn to adapt since we wouldn't survive without the environment.

Hurricane Katrina Themes

Based on the video of Huricane Katrina, there are many underlying themes between the cause and affect. Firstly, I want to start off by saying how many of the parts played off through the theme "Crisis Management." In other words, how humans reacted to this, which showed how most of the situation was going to turn out. It showed that many of the people had lost hope for the damage, and in the government for not helping during the crisis. This is leading to the theme "Trust in Leaders." What I mean by this is that many civilians don't trust their leaders and in the end don't get the help they deserve. Additionally, it shows how "Trust in Religion" had changed throughout all the people. What I mean by this is that people stopped trusting in their religions and losing hope. What this brought was turning these people into something they regret. A theme that can be known as the basis is "Technology vs. Nature," inwhich responsibilty can be placed upon the government. In other words, it shows that the lack of technolgy the government used in fixing the levees reflected in nature breaking the levees and having the water enter. Lastly, a theme which can be proven throughout time is "social class." In this case it shows how during thehelicopters, they had left all the poor class stranded and trapped, while they never hesitated in helping higher class people. This demonstrates the inequity and how people suffer through this. It can be inferred how it should change before it gets worse and it will never come to a solution.

Port Au Prince, Haiti Earthquake

We are shown how in 2010, Haiti faced one of it's most deadliest disasters, which was an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 Mw. The aftermath had so much affects on the country and the people living there. There was many deaths and most of the city was destroyed, leaving people in poverty. One of the questions we can hesitate to ask is " Given that farms, transportation's, and communication was destroyed, what kind of aid did Haiti receive for many damaged people?" This question can be answered by saying that many countries arrived for humanitarian aid, pledging funds, and sending rescue and medical teams, and engineers. Despite the fact the amount of damage Haiti had faced, countries didn't give up on it and wouldn't leave it alone without help, showing a concept of teamwork and unity together. Additionally, not only were they worried of aid, but of the reaction people took from the delay. So "Given the delays in supplies, and the beginning of infuriated people. how did the Haitians respond to the city and government?" This question can be answered by saying that again, lack of communication, and then lack of some effort from some countries delayed aid. so the Haitians responded by anger appeals from workers and survivors, and violence spreaded. So this led to even more damage since each civilian was turning against each other, or every man for himself. Lastly, it shows how there was more dead bodies than counted, so a question we can raise from this is that "Given that people were buried in mass graves, how was the morale of the Haitians affected?" My response to this question is that due to the thousands they found and buried, they quote how this experience to them makes them realize the situation of the holocaust since many of the bodies soon began to rot and decay, and there had been knowledge that some of the bodies were family members for the survivors, so for most of them they had lost faith and their morale due to the damage and no hope in being able to come back from this catastrophe. In addition to these conflicts, there was no specific role called in government, meaning no one took charge and Haiti and it's citizens were left behind without any command.

What Was the Economic impact of the earthquake on Haiti?

This question can be answered in a significant number of ways due to the fact that there are various ways that the economy of Haiti was affected for the worse. The source I decided to use was found in http://proquestk12.com/. The article can be referred to as a wired feed, called "A Look At Rebuilding Haiti's Earthquake-Shattered Economy". The reason I decided to choose this source was because it explains thoroughly what the economy of Haiti was made up of. Additionally, we are told by professionals exactly how much the economy of Haiti was like before the earthquake and then the Economy cost after the hurricane. This may apply to the question due to the fact that it explains that After this disastrous hurricane, taking away as many lives as much as the entire city, The economy debt to repay for all of these damages had been twice the amount. So if the Economy had $7 billion, after they needed close to $14 billion to fix it. One of the 3 ways used to rebuild Haiti was civilians started to use agriculture. It explains how 2/3 of the people in Haiti use agriculture, although people are still producing not enough food to support the country. They receive support from the USAID program to improve many yields, whcih is a problem with Haitian farmers, who lack proper resources to improve crops. Additionally, one of the additonal ways they attempt to support themselves is the Rum manufacturing. They're having to use alot of effort due to the fact that ther old Rum factory had been severly damaged in the earthquake since many equipment and barrels of rum were gone. Hopefully, they are hoping in 250 workers. Lastly, insurance is used. It is rare and yet people still can't afford it. Since when natural disasters occur and the citizens can't afford it, there is a new organization called microinsurance offering anybody, poor or rich loans from $50-$125. With all the effort and determination, we are shown how ready Haitians are to rebuild their communities and the the economy went from bad to worse, and little by little they're coming in front of an obstacle.